Comparing Vincent Van Gogh And The Starry Night And The...

Vincent Willem van Gogh was a painter of the 1800’s who was born in the Netherlands. Van Gogh created about eight hundred and sixty oil paintings, including his widely known â€Å"The Starry Night† which was created in 1889. Van Gogh was born into a Catholic household however converted to Protestantism at a very young age and began to go on missions within the area of Southern Belgium. Van Gogh suffered several mental illnesses and was eventually sent to an asylum where he would develop and create some of his most known works such as â€Å"Cypresses† in 1889, â€Å"Country road in Provence by Night† in 1890, and various others. Originally, Van Gogh created the â€Å"Starry Night Over the Rhone† in the year 1888. However, within a year of his original†¦show more content†¦In the â€Å"Starry Night Over the Rhone† you can see how the stars are portrayed in a dull color as well as at a further distance. The wind is not depicted, something that is done in â€Å"The Starry Night†, making the night itself seem at peace. The Rhone River, which is portrayed in the piece, was a location close to the home Van Gogh was inhabiting at the time. In a sense, Van Gogh was attempting to portray his everyday life and his current emotions into the same idea. Van Gogh might have wanted to have a peaceful mind as well as life, such as what is depicted in the image, a calm, still night. On October 2, 1888, Van Gogh sent a letter to a close friend of his named Eugene Boch, which in such letter also received a small sketch of the work Van Gogh was in the process of doing. Within the â€Å"Starry Night Over the Rhone† it is clear that the view which Van Gogh had seen was very calm and peaceful, however, its lack of activity and color can be considered a factor which demonstrates how Van Gogh’s mental illnesses would affect his day to day life. Within the time span of a year, in just 1889, Van Gogh had created a very similar yet increasingly colored and detailed version of â€Å"Starry Night Over the Rhone† which he would later on come to name â€Å"The Starry Night† and which would become one of his most famous works which is still admired to this day. Once Van Gogh had been entered into the asylum, I believe that he was able

Comparing mortgage rates Example

Essays on Comparing mortgage rates Research Paper Finance and Accounting A comparison was completed between five separate mortgage lenders using rates for fifteen yearand 30 year fixed rate mortgages, with a financed amount of $100,000 in the State of Florida. Geographical information was used only on with those lenders who requested it before providing a rate. These rates were then converted into effective annual rates. Lender 15 YR EAR 30 YR EAR Bank of America 3.500 3.905% 4.250 4.505% Lending Tree 2.75 2.97% 3.63 3.75% GMAC 3.250 3.555% 4.0 4.121% Chase Bank 3.625 3.789% 4.375 4.492% AmeriSave 2.750 2.991% 3.250 3.505% There are number of common mistakes individuals make when looking at quoted mortgage rates and shopping for mortgage rates. Mortgage quotes that are published such as these are usually rates and terms available under the best of circumstance while your rate will vary according to: credit, down payment, house location and size, and your ability to prove income and assets Verbal rates are not a guarantee and you must get a written quote if you want to be assured the rate is ‘locked’ in and you should always get a letter of confirmation of your rate, rates that go up between the start of your mortgage process and the closing date can cost you thousands of dollars over the life of your loan Do not assume that because you are offered at good rate on one type of loan that you will get the same rate on a different type of mortgage Many people do not consider closing costs and fees when shopping for a mortgage Based on the effective annual rate the Lending tree offers the best rate for a fifteen year fixed interest rate loan. This amount is the percentage paid per year on the mortgage over the lifetime of the loan. AmeriSave offers the lowest effective annual rate on a thirty year mortgage. Paying some of the interest in advance can reduce the accrual over the course of the year. Any fees or penalties that you accrue during the loan are added to the principle and will increase the EAR. These effective annual rates make sense as being the lowest because they are also in line with the lowest rates. Different lenders are able to offer different rates somewhat based on what type of lender they are, a mortgage lender or mortgage broker, each charging a different commission rate on the loan. Mortgage broker do not actually lend money and are used to help an individual find a direct loan, charging the consumer a fee for this service. While this is advantageous in that they will shop many lenders for you in an attempt to gain the best rate you will pay the associated fees, which are usually between 0.5-1 % of the loan value. The difference in rate will have a material impact on the consumer because the value of the property will either decrease or increase with the market over the course of the loan. Investors may choose 30 year investment mortgages over other options because the value of the dollar while continue to decrease while the investment property and amount of payment remains the same. This is due to inflation of the economy and other market factors. References Todays Rate Results. (2012). Bank of America. Retrieved 2012, from https://www9.bankofamerica.com/home-loans/mortgage-purchase/TodaysRateResults.go?referrer=/home-loans/mortgage-purchase/rates Mortgage - Home Loans - Refinance - Mortgage Refinancing - Mortgage Rates - Home Equity. (2012). Retrieved 2012, from http://www.lendingtree.com/ Mortgage, Refinancing, Home Loan, Mortgage Rates - GMAC Mortgage. (2012). Retrieved 2012, from http://www.gmacmortgage.com/ Chase Mortgages - Home Lending | New or Refinance Mortgage Loans Online. (2012). CHASE Home: Personal Banking | Personal Lending | Retirement Investing | Business Banking. Retrieved 2012, from https://www.chase.com/online/Home-Lending/mortgages.htm

Information Service Management for Environment - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInformation Service Management for Global Environment. Answer: Introduction A managers desire each and every day is to see their business organizations grow to extensive levels not only in the local fonts but also at international levels. Operating a business organization within a local environment comes with another of specific factors and elements worth considering. However management at international levels may be accompanied with more complicated standards and measures. Each of the aspects needs to be carefully addressed in order to achieve successful management at an international level (Albrecht, 2000, P.34). A global environment can be described as the business arena or the market surrounding for a business organization which spreads beyond the local scope across borders. There are various factors worth considering especially when a manager intends to venture into the global market environment (Allaire and Firsirotu, 2004. P.35). In this paper, the issue of managing in a global environment shall be discussed. The discussion shall be based on a review of relevant literature and other research arguments which have been conducted alongside the topic of discussion. Factors influencing Managing in a Global Environment Economic levels Buckley (2010) in his article discusses the issue of direct investment in the global market. According to the author, a manager ought to put into consideration the financial implications which come with venturing into the global business management. The economic conditions tend to change as one moves from one country to another. This therefore implies that the financial strategies put in place while venturing into global management ought to be flexible enough to take care of the dynamic economic conditions. As highlighted by the author, managing an organization in area which is generally stable economically is much easier. On the other hand, regions mared with economic challenges offer a lot of hindrance to international investors. It would therefore be appropriate for the global manager to have extensive research before venturing into such markets in order to deduce the financial implications associated with managing in a global environment. Government Policies According to Charles (2015), successful management in a global environment requires an individual to have a good understanding of the standing government policies. It is a point worth noting that these policies tend to vary as one moves from one business environment to another. Government policies equally have a unique link with the economic status of a country. For instance, when the economy of a nation is stable, the policies put in place are in most cases quite accommodative to international investors. In line with this, the author explains that good government policies play a pivotal role in encouraging global investors. For instance, when the polices put in place to govern international ventures are attractive then a global manager may find is easy fitting in such environments. On the other hand, stringent government polices act as a major hindrance to global management. Managing a business organization in an area characterized by hardy policies would therefore require an indivi dual to put in place the right measure to counter this challenge and ensure success despite the dynamism of the business environment. Product Prices As noted by Luthan (2015), changes in product prices which also depends on the economic status of a given business environment also have an effect on the performance of a global venture. It is therefore crucial for the manager to factor in the standard product and service prices and the variations in these values as one moves from one country to another. The set value for the product prices determine the return on investment that a company is likely to obtain from sales. For instance, the product prices in developed countries may be relatively low in comparison to the less developed areas. In addition, the product prices are determined by the set government policies. It is therefore important for the global manager to have a good grasp of the existing standards with regard to product pricing. This goes a long way in minimizing cases with authorities which may involve an organization being tracked by the government for not complying with certain standards. At the same time, the prices set by a manager ought to be such that the accrued sales will result in a good profit margin for the organization. Consequently, a global manager ought to achieve an effective balance which ensures that the organization does not only make profits and grow but also see to it that the legal requirements and policies are adequately addressed. Presence of Competitors Daniels, Radebaugh and Sullivan (2014) in their book International Business: Environment and operations give a detailed description of the elements that define an international business environment. Among the many aspects discussed in this book, one the authors outstanding contributions is the aspect of competition and its influence on global investments. The presence of other organizations which deal in similar products or services may hinder the complete development and expansion of an organization. As pointed out by the authors, the competitors should not be treated as an obstacle to organizational success but a sure challenge which the global manager can easily deal with using better strategies. Developing a stable market for ones goods and services is an important feature in global business investment. A manager therefore needs to identify and protect its base of clientele which ensures good sales in the long run. When other organizations which provide similar services come up w ithin the same business environment, the initial market may end up being divided. This scenario gets worse when the competitors offer better prices which may easily sway customers to their side. As a result, the authors suggest specific strategies which a global manager would put in place in order to counter the challenges that come with presence of competitors in a global market. To begin with, a global manager is encouraged to enhance proper customer relations in the management strategies as such steps help in customer retention. This could be achieved through variation in product prices, after sales services, offering discounts and rewarding the companys most loyal clients Secondly, a global manager can enhance their market by making use of consistent customer reviews in a bid to identify the areas which may need adjustment which finally leads to customer satisfaction. Using the readily available media like the internet, radio and television, an organization is able to obtain fee dbacks from its clients regarding their products and services. These feedbacks can then be analyzed and highlighted so as to establish the portions that need improvement. Effective interaction with the clients leads to good consumer relations. This assures the organization of a stable market which remains even in the presence of competitors (Barrick and Mount. 2001, p.33). Variation in Cultures, Values and Consumer Preferences Allaire and Firsirotu (2004) in the article titled Theories of organizational culture discuss the effects of values, cultures and consumer preferences on international businesses. The authors keenly note the fact that individual cultures tend to change as one operates from one country to another. While some cultures allow the use of particular products and foodstuffs, the case may not be the same in other areas. For instance, the kind of products consumed in Europe may not necessarily be the very ones used in Asian countries. This can be attributed to the relative variation in the cultures in these regions. The authors also examine the aspect of changing customer preferences. It is a fact worth noting that the consumer preferences may never be similar in different countries. For instance, in hot regions, an organization dealing in soft and cold drinks is likely to gain ground over a wide market. However, such a business may not prosper much in cold and temperate areas as the consumer preference in this case will be skewed towards products that can keep them warm. These elements can be intertwined with the aspect of customer values and beliefs and the extent of their effect on international business. In line with these core aspects, the authors suggest effective strategies which can be implemented by global managers in a bid to conquer the international markets. The manager needs to put into consideration the cultures, values and beliefs embraced in the international business environment (Augustine, 2007, p. 23). The organization can then align its goals with the societys values in order to minimize conflicts and enhance good customer attraction. The international business venture, despite being established in a foreign land ought to be such that the products and services distributed do not violate the values and needs of the very people the organization intends to capture (Henisz and Zelner, 2010, p.50). Additionally, the manager may need to have a detailed pri or study of the land before venturing into this business so as to establish their specific preferences. When such extensive research is conducted in a country, it is possible for a global manager to identify the market segments that would adequately fit their type of business. The authors therefore highlight the crucial place of prior study of a prospective market before venturing. Technology Ashforth and Mael (2014) in Social identity theory and the organization identify the place of technology in global business management. The dynamic business environment has seen the incorporation of highly sophisticated technological tools in managing businesses. This achievement has made work much easier especially for the international business managers. Technology has enhanced marketing through digital promotional tools, brand awareness and even sales. Through ecommerce which is basically hosted on an online platform, it has become possible for business organizations to make contact with consumers online and deliver goods to them on order. The authors also explain the extent to which emergence in technological ideas has reduced the distance and cost of communication. Through the use of handheld devices, mobile phones and the internet, it has become convenient for managers to distribute crucial information to their clients especially in case of the emergence of a new product or cha nges in product prices. The authors are however keen to note that the level of technological advancement tends to differ from one region to another. This could be attributed to the differences in levels of development and the economic ability in a given business environment. It is therefore important for a manager in the global business arena to venture in places which are technologically advanced. Incorporation of technology in management at the global level would go a long way in reducing operation costs in various ways. For instance, a global business implies the presence of several others situated in various countries and perhaps managed from a central point. Once in a while, the organizational leaders in each of these global outlets may need to meet and compare the situations before making crucial decisions for the company. Such meetings are largely expensive if they were to be done physically. This is the very point where technology becomes pivotal. The global manager can make use of video conferencing where the leaders use an online platform to meet and discuss important issues regarding the organization despite the geographical distance. The authors conclude their book by emphasizing that the use of technology in enhancing successful global management is inevitable. Global managers therefore need to fully embrace this in order to make management more convenient and effective. Effective Management Models Barrick and Mount (2001) in The big five personality dimensions and job performance: a meta-analysis discuss the need for managers in the global arena to make good use of effective business models and management strategies to enhance organizational success. Due to the high level of diversity in international business fonts, there is need for the global managers to work with a team of equally competent individuals with skills in their areas of operation. Team building and management would therefore be crucial for such managers in order to build the right cohesion among the workers within the organization. High level unity within the human resource department gives room for a good flow in actions across all the organs. The managers in this case are encouraged to embrace management models in which responsibilities are shared among individuals and each person served with specific target which ought to be achieved within a given period of time. Such management approaches keep the workers on toes which leads to a general improvement in the worker output. Furthermore, a management at the global level requires sobriety and appropriate personalities which ought to be evident in the managers form of execution of duties. Sobriety becomes an important element especially in the process of decision making. Despite the fact that the manager gives room for input by other leaders within the organization, there is need to have a definite stand on certain matters. Such personalities allow a manager to remain consistent in their delivery which leads to an overall organizational success. Conclusion Managing a business in a global environment is a technical venture which requires the consideration of various factors. From the review of literature above, it can be deduced that successful management at the global arena calls for a prior understanding of the nature of such environments before establishing an entity. There are dynamics which are ever changing for instance, government policies, product prices, economic standards, technology, cultures as well as beliefs among people. These are crucial factors which have a special influence on the nature of a global environment. The authors have made extensive explanations on the impacts of each of the factors above. Additionally, the authors have outlined the various strategies which a global manager can put in place in order to enhance success while operating in the global business environment. A good understanding of the current government policies and variation in product prices enables a manager to come up with effective measures which ensure success. At the same time, the challenge of completion in the global environment can be countered through efficient consumer relations. In conclusion, the challenges which are associated with management in a global environment do not necessary imply that these ventures are impossible. Various multinationals like Coca Cola, Samsung and Pepsi just to mention but few have succeeded. This success can be attributed to effective management strategies. References Albrecht, K. (2000).Brain Power: Learning to Improve Your Thinking Skills. New York: Simon and Schuster. Allaire, Y., and M. E. Firsirotu, M.E. (2004). Theories of organizational culture.Organization Studies5:193-226. Allen, R. (2009). Organizational politics:tactics and characteristics of its actors.California Management Review22: 77-83. Argyris, C. (2007). Double loop learning in organizations.Harvard Business Review(Sept-Oct): 115-125. Ashforth, B.E., and F. Mael (2014). Social identity theory and the organization.Academy of Management Review14 (1): 20-39. Ashmos, D., and Huber, G. (2007). The systems paradigm in organizational theory: Correcting the record and suggesting the future.Academy of Management Review12 (4): 607-621. Augustine, N. (2007). Reshaping an industry: lockheed martins survival story.Harvard Business Review(May-June). Barrick, M. R., and M.K. Mount. (2001). The big five personality dimensions. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. P.38 Buckley P.J. (2010). Stephen Hymer: Three Phases, One Approach?. In: Foreign Direct Investment, China and the World Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, London Hill, C. (2005).International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace(10 ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. P.38 Hill, Charles W. L. (2014).International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace(10 ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. pp.453454. Henisz, W. and Zelner, B. (2010).Hidden Risks in Emerging Markets. New York: Harvard Publishers Daniels, J., Radebaugh, L., Sullivan, D. (2014). International Business: environment and operations, 15th edition. Prentice Hall. Luthans, F., and Doh, J. P. (2015). International Management: Culture, Strategy and Behavior, 9th edition. McGraw Hill.

The Lower Classes Smell free essay sample

At the beginning of the essay The lower classes smell Orwell says that he was born into a lower-upper middle class. The thing that separates the English class system from other class systems is the fact that its not entirely explicable in terms of money, that is to say, its also a caste-system. I was a little bit confused as to what was the difference between the lower-upper middle class, and the higher-upper middle class. This confusion probably stems from the fact that classes in Croatian society today are not categorized in this manner. But the difference between the classes is more than obvious. In Croatia I should say the minority is living extremelly well; having a lot of money, influence, and real estate, opposed to the majority that has just enough money to get by and to feed their families. In most of these families, educating their children in another city is a luxury they cannot afford. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lower Classes Smell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its sad that even today in the 21. century there are people in Croatia living below the living standard; without any running water or electricity. The distinguished mark of the upper-middle class is,as Orwell noted,:Â » People in this class owned no land but they felt that they were landowners in the sight of God and kept up a semi-aristocratic outlook . Â « This ment that in theory they knew everything about servants and how to tip them, but in practice that had no servants, or perhaps just one. Another example is that they knew how to wear their clothes but they could never afford to go to a decent tailor, which reminds me of the phenomena in Croatian society where there are people that spend all their money on expensive clothes,making sure they look wealthy and at the same time dont care that they have no food in the fridge. Their whole income goes in keeping up appearance. I find this ridiculous. Orwell also says that the average middle-class person was brought up to believe that the working class is ignorant, lazy, dishonest and smelly . This kind of snobbish approach resulted in hatred between the middle and the lower class. This is what Orwell says about the woking class : Â » We realised that they hated us, but we could never understand why, and naturally we set it down to pure,vicious malignity. Â « People belonging to the middle class prevented their children from playing with children of the working class. They thought they were better people just because they were born into a family with higher incomes than those beloning to a working class family. These prigs deserved nothing less than contempt . The working class had every right to hate them. People do not have the privilege to choose their parents,background or their origin but they should have the right to prove their qualities and intellect no matter which class they belong to and they deserve to be given the same opportunities as any other person.

Documentary on Mount Kilimanjaro Essay Example

Documentary on Mount Kilimanjaro Essay Reviewing the documentaries This documentary is about group of people who are climbing the world’s 9th biggest mountain.The Documentary mostly focuses on the scenery and environment of the mountain.The documentary starts with some shots of an open field in Africa and the narrator is describes the environment , when he talks about the mountain â€Å"it looms above the clouds a solitary child† the technique he uses here is emotive language to help grab the audience attention and give more interest to the documentary,†.In another quote â€Å"it is a mountain of strange wonders, made by fire and crowned by ice† he uses imagery here to describe the mountain a a bit more and to show off the beauty of that the mountain holds.Later on they then showed off the cast of the documentary , they have the people show up in small bubble and have them answer questions about the different parts of their hike , it is also in a very chatty style and this helps them interact with the audience by showing t heir emotions throughout the journey.All of them had one reason to climb the mountain and that was because it was their ambition and dream to climb it and wanted to share the adventure with the world through the documentary , this also gets the audience attention and interest as they are not only seeing one person perspective of the climb but a whole group of people with different ambitions and goals.During the beginning in the they show off many of the scenery and shots of the environment to grab the audience attention.Later on they show a visual map of what route they are taking and what is the distance between each destination , this is just there to help give the audience an idea of how they are travelling up the mountain.we can also see through the names of the different environment â€Å"moorland† â€Å"Alpine desert† and â€Å"Arctic region† , these places have a different environments and makes the documentary more interesting as the climbers are n We will write a custom essay sample on Documentary on Mount Kilimanjaro specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Documentary on Mount Kilimanjaro specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Documentary on Mount Kilimanjaro specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Discussion 2 Example

Discussion 2 Example Discussion 2 – Coursework Example Discussion Surety for the scientific soundness and empirical support in favor of a treatment is primarily derived from research statistics. Not manypsychological interventions are investigated empirically because their proposers decline to offer them for research under the prevailing paradigms of research (The Australian Psychological Society Ltd., n.d., p. 1). Fact is; â€Å"scientific theories never become facts† (Lutus, 2013). However, application of the theories on particular cases reported in peer-reviewed journals and other publications yields valuable results and conclusions for other users. Intensive programs of behavioral intervention employ a variety of behavioral techniques which have to be changed along with the progress of the child and as the different areas of skill are developed (New York State Department of Health, 1999). Operant conditioning is one of the most used theories in behavioral psychology. One problem with operant conditioning exists in the comprehe nsion and application of the process of learning. Operant conditioning tends to define the whole learning and behavior in terms of the relationship between stimuli and consequences. Such approach is sometimes not suitable for explaining the various kinds of behaviors that the subject exhibits regardless of the stimuli. An alternative to operant conditioning is Real Training. Real Training may be used, for example, in cases when the subject e.g. the dogs have become contentious. It is the approach that imparts a need for the trainer to work with the dog to teach it the expected behavior. â€Å"To a real trainer, the idiosyncratic and unexpected responses any subject can give are the most interesting and potentially the most fruitful events in the training process† (Pryor, n.d.). Unlike operant conditioning, Real Training recognizes difference between just knowing and actual doing. This difference may characterize a contention point instead of a lack of conditioning (Hild, 2011 ). References:Hild, R. (2011). Real Training vs. "Operant Conditioning". Care Dog Training. Retrieved from caredogtraining.com/Articles/realtraining.htm. Lutus, P. (2013). Is Psychology a Science? Retrieved from arachnoid.com/psychology/. New York State Department of Health. (1999, Nov.). Chapter IV (Continued) - Behavioral and Educational Approaches. Retrieved from https://www.health.ny.gov/community/infants_children/early_intervention/disorders/autism/ch4_pt2.htm. Pryor, K. (n.d.). Don’t shoot the dog. Retrieved from papagalibg.com/FilesStore/karen_pryor_-_don_t_shoot_the_dog.pdf. The Australian Psychological Society Ltd. (n.d.). Evidence-based Psychological Interventions in the Treatment of Mental Disorders: A Literature Review. 3rd Edition. Retrieved from https://www.psychology.org.au/Assets/Files/Evidence-Based-Psychological-Interventions.pdf. Discussion 2 Example Discussion 2 – Coursework Example Can Science Be Sacred al Affiliation) Can Science Be Sacred? Adam Frank uses a previous experience, where he was coming from a Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) class and headed to the student cafeteria to get a cup of coffee, to explain the relationship between science and the sacred. He attributes his experience to the equations and states that solving the equations indicated a connection between science and the sacred. After noticing oscillations on the coffee’s surface from the ice cream freezer’s motor, he explains the theory of hierophany. Frank, (2012) explains that the relationship between science and the sacred lies in focusing on the experience. When the equations are solved practically, the solutions are understood through the experience. It is this experience that Frank describes as, â€Å"hierophany† (Frank 2012). The coffee cup incident was an experience of the sacred. It was from the incident that Frank extracted, â€Å"the connection, and the usefulness, of the sacred to a world saturated with the fruits of science† (Frank 2012). Science is fundamental to technological advancement; hence a path to discovering the sacred. Frank concludes that science is the gateway to the sacred. It is through science that humanity can focus on the experience that differentiates a religion from the sacred. Frank provides insight to what ought to be considered as religion and as sacred. The article develops an understanding that equations attempt to explain the sacred. In addition, the sacred is depicted to mean natural occurrences. For example, the planetary motion is a natural occurrence. However, the motion can be understood using a set of equations to analyze the movement. The article is clear and succinct on explaining the significance of science to experience the sacred. The article also sheds light as to whether the sacred can exist outside a religion. Faith forms the fundamental component of religion whereas experience is th e fundamental component of sacred. Religion is mainly based on the creed and doctrine of spiritual life. On the other hand, the sacred is the natural occurrences that are not influenced by human behavior, and that can be understood through science. Science cannot explain religion as it does explain the sacred. ReferenceFrank, A. (2012, January 20). Can Science Be Sacred? Retrieved January 30, 2015, from huffingtonpost.com/adam-frank/can-science-besacred_ b_1213082.html

Eastern Food Restaurant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Eastern Food Restaurant - Essay Example To meet this goal, the company, will consider the quality, generosity, understanding, and fairness between vendors, customers, staff, and management, the impact that the business choices and practices will portend on the environment the restaurant will be situated in, and the product’s effects on the well-being and health of the staff and customers. Being aware of the responsible actions and these factors that the result should give a sense of meaning and effort that go far beyond the goals of basic financial obligations. Development and Status The company Eastern Foods was incorporated in the year 1992 in November and certified. The company’s founders are Kenneth O, Donahue and Martha Lee. Martha is the company President while Kenneth is the company’s Vice President. The company has issued common stocks of over 10,000 shares with both Kenneth and Martha owning 2,500 shares each. The remainder of the stocks have been retained by the company for distribution in th e future. Kenneth and Lee have loaned ?30,000 from their own funds to aid in start up costs and research for the restaurant. Eastern Food Restaurant’s found a suitable site for its UK based restaurant two months ago and negotiations on the lease period were recently completed, with the deal being in its final stages of completion. The restaurant’s location will be on 134-136 Wardour Street, which is adjacent to a densely populated area of the market that the restaurant will target. After the signing of the lease agreement, the company will have four months to construct the restaurant without any rent charged, this period being the one where the start-up fund balance should be raised. On the completion of this phase, Eastern Food Restaurant would be opened with the project’s operation phase set to begin. Future Plans Should the restaurant meet, by the tenth month, a majority of its projections, the company will begin to look for another location, to develop anoth er restaurant, and start planning procedures for another restaurant. The company’s five-year goal is ownership of four restaurants in the greater London area whose annual combined profit the company expects to be in the range of ?20,000 and ?700,000. Industry Analysis The restaurant industry business is quite competitive, with lifestyle changes that have been created by modern culture fuelling the industry’s steady growth continuously. Increasingly more people possess less cooking ability, resources, and time. The importance of trends cannot be overstated, and Eastern Food restaurant UK aims to be well positioned for this interest in healthier and lighter foods going for moderate to low prices. The Restaurant Industry as it is today The service of food is the fourth biggest industry in the UK. The industry accounts for approximately $200 billion each year in sales. Independent restaurants account for approximately 20% of this total. The average Brit will spend approxim ately 20% of their income on away from home food, with the number having increased steadily over the past 5 years (Katz, 2006 pp140). The reasons for this are an increase in the variety of product, economic climate, and changes in lifestyle. Future Trends and Strategic Opportunities The growth trend predicated is quite positive in long and short term projections. Modern living has created increased demands that have made people be compelled to eat away from their homes. This is predicted to be as high as 35% in the coming six years. The national restaurant

Innovation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Innovation management - Essay Example The new age of media has been cannibalizing the TV business. It is agreed that people are also watching a lot of content over the web but the charm and the thing about watching your favorite broadcasts with convenience at a desired time and location still holds good. Along with the digital challenge and the advent of innumerable choices in terms of content to be viewed has also let the viewers get spoilt for choice. Along with this, the social networking sites have also started getting connected to the viewership patterns where tweets and discussions on social networking sites lead towards the rise of real time viewership for shows â€Å"An Essay: Innovation Models For The Digital Age.†. The following report is a development of a new innovation of within the television industry for Samsung Group. The paper proposes a remote free television that shall be controlled by voice, gestures and expressions of the user. The report brings out a comprehensive study of development, launch, implementation and execution of the desired product into the marketplace. Samsung and its success has been recognised the world over through the last decade. The South Korean company has been synonymous with being the world leader in terms of televisions production and mobile phone technology. The company has also been ranked among the world third most innovating firm by the Fast Company Magazine. The company has grown over the years to become the global leader in consumer electronics from being a local industrial player in its home country. The conglomerate is involved into a number of businesses from apparels to foods and consumer electronics. It has about 19 listed companies under the Korean Exchange and employs about 427,000 people as of 2013 data (â€Å"About Samsung†). Samsung Electronics, the most revered technology company had launched its 3D television in March 2010. It was the pioneer in the 3D vision technology in its television sets. With this innovation, the

The advantages and disadvantages of Opera Reservations System (ORS), Essay

The advantages and disadvantages of Opera Reservations System (ORS), by MICROS systems Inc, for hotels and restaurants - Essay Example Opera Reservation Systems also happens to render specialised services to the restaurants and hotels by designing different software like that for the Sales and Catering department. The Opera Reservation Systems also happens to enhance the potential of service quality rendered by the hotel and restaurants through the high amount of incorporation of different types of innovative tools. This tool helps the hotels and restaurants in generating effective services to the customers through maintaining effective relationship based services with them. Again the tool also helps the hotels in effectively maintaining the guest rooms and also helps the corporation in adequately working out resources meant for organising events. The software also helps the hotels and restaurants in effectively tracking the sales pertaining to the different departments and also in tracking the highest sales figure in regards to the different items. Opera Reservation Systems software also helps in regulating the inv entory pertaining to the different category of guest rooms in the hotel. Acting like an effective planning tool the software helps the hotel in arranging for the food and beverages meant for domestic and international guests. The software also helps the hotels in effectively meeting the different bills pertaining to banquet and other room services rendered to the guests. Opera Reservation Systems also acts as an effective forecasting tool for the hotel and restaurants in helping the companies estimate the rise in the number of guests and the sales pertaining to the different categories of services and products rendered. The operating system also helps the hotels in effectively analysing the margins pertaining to the cost and the profits emanating out of the services of the company. Having said the essential features and services rendered by the software to the hotel it can be easily understood that such services tend to make the people much effective in rendering continuous services to the customers. The people operating based on such software can thereby effectively communicate with the guests and consumers and thereby help in enhancing the brand image of the concern. Thus the incorporation of such software helps to render specialised services to the hotel corporations and thereby enhances the potential in gaining new markets and also in successfully developing its brand image. Enhanced use of the software by the different level of employees thus makes the people get an overview of the entire operation performed in the hotel sector (HRS, 2006). Disadvantages for Restaurants using Opera Reservation Systems The hotels and restaurants operating based on software such as Opera Reservation System though reflect salient number of advantages is also struck from some serious drawbacks. The practice of depending highly on such software creates a problem for the concern especially in cases of long term power cuts. The internal people of the concern being highly depende nt on

The legal capacity

The legal capacity CAPACITY TO CONTRACT Legal capacity is defined as the power provided under law to a natural person or juridical person to enter into binding contracts, and to sue and be sued in its own name. In order to be bound by a contract, a person must have the legal ability to form a contract in the first place. This legal ability is called capacity to contract. Both parties in a contract must have the necessary mental capacity to understand what they are doing. Under common law anyone has the right to enter into a contract, except for minors, people with mental disability and also people who are under the influence of drugs or alcohol. For a person to avoid a contract on the ground of their incapacity, they must also show that they lacked capacity to enter into a contract and that the other party knew or ought to have known their incapacity. A person who is unable, due to age or mental impairment, to understand what she is doing when she signs a contract may lack capacity to contract. For example, a person under legal guardianship due to a mental defect completely lacks the capacity to contract. Any contract signed by that person is void. In other situations, a person may not completely lack the capacity to contract. The contract would then be voidable at the option of the party claiming incapacity, if he or she is able to prove the incapacity. INFANCY The term infant differ from the term minor. In most cases, legal contracts are voidable if one of the contracting party is a minor. The law states that an infant is not bound by the contracts he or she enters into except for the purchase of necessaries and for useful contracts of service, that is they would have to pay for the necessary goods and services that they consume. However, it is stated in the British Columbia Infants Act (RSBC 1996 c.223) that all contracts cannot be implemented against an infant, regardless of whether it includes necessities and beneficial contracts of service. If there is a contract between an adult and an infant, adults are bound but infants can break away from the contract at their option, which means that the contract is voidable. The infants may endorse a contract once they have reached a maturity age. In the case of executed contract, the infant cannot avoid debt if they have obtained advantages under the contract, except if what they obtained has no value. Any one of the party can apply to the court upon the termination of contract. MINORS A minor generally cannot form an enforceable contract. A contract entered into by a minor may be canceled by the minor or by his or her guardian. After reaching the age of majority (18 in most states), a person still has a reasonable period of time to cancel a contract entered into as a minor. If, however, he or she does not cancel the contract within a reasonable period of time, the contract will be considered ratified, making it binding and enforceable. If you intend to enter into a contract with a person who is under the age of 18 years it is essential that you give that person the opportunity to consult with a suitable adult about their rights and responsibilities before concluding the deal. This will make it less likely for a dispute to arise about their capacity.A young person is generally bound to a contract for necessaries which includes food, medicine and clothing. Contracts for necessaries can also include contracts for education or employment. However, some other contract s will not be binding on a young person, including contracts for goods or services which are not necessaries and credit contracts. Based on the case study, John has the age capacity to enter into a contract as he is an adult. He was walking alone around SOGO Shopping Complex to do some window shopping. His age has got to be above 18 years old. This is because he is working, and this is illustrated in the sentence as I was very busy with my work, I only managed to go to the shop a week later. Case example: Nash v. Inman [1908] 2 KB 1 The defendant, a minor, purchased a number of waistcoats from the plaintiff. The issue was whether they were necessaries. The court held that the waistcoats were not necessaries as the minor had an adequate supply at the time of sale. It was held that two conditions had to be met before goods or services would be regarded as necessaries. First, the goods or services had to be suitable to the condition in life of the minor (e.g. a minor accustomed to living a life of luxury will have a different condition in life from a minor living in impoverished circumstances). Whether this was the case would depend on the type of lifestyle the minor in question was accustomed to leading. Second, the goods or services had to be suitable to the minors actual requirements at the time of supply. If the minor had an adequate supply of the relevant goods from another source, this requirement would not be satisfied. MENTAL DISABILITY In 1954 the High Court dealt with the issue of a persons soundness of mind when involved in contractual dealings. The court held that it requires, in relation to each particular matter or piece of business transacted, that each party shall have such soundness of mind as to be capable of understanding the general nature of what he is doing by his participation (Gibbons v. Wright (1954) 91 CLR 423).It follows that if a person is so drunk, mentally ill or senile that they have no idea that they are involving themselves in a contract, they will lack the necessary contractual capacity. If however, their mind is affected by their problem, but they are nevertheless aware that they are involving themselves in a contract, the capacity to contract will probably exist unless the other party deliberately takes advantage of their weakness. (This is linked to the way in which the common law and equity deal with unconscionable conduct where a person takes advantage of a person with a disability). Contracts with intellectually impaired persons is void. Similarly, contracts with involuntary mental patients is void. Some types of mental disability may be sufficient to allow a person to repudiate a contract in certain circumstances. Generally, the law is concerned with the lack of capacity arising from mental disability. For example, people who have schizophrenia may have delusions, but if they can manage their own daily and business affairs and look after their personal finances, they may have the capacity to enter into contracts. The mentally disabled persons that the law protects are those who are unable to manage their own affairs or are unable to appreciate the nature and consequences of their actions. Provincial legislation provides that a person can be declared to be unable to manage his or her affairs. If there has been such a judicial finding, contracts made after the judicial finding are void on the grounds that there is a lack of capacity to consent to the provisions of a contract. Contracts made prior to the finding may be voidable. However, if a person lacks capacity because he or she is unable to handle his or her affairs, but there has been no judicial finding, the contracts made are voidable at the option of the person who is mentally disabled. If the contracts are not repudiated, they are presumed to be enforceable. Case example: York Glass Co. Ltd v. Jubb [1925] All ER Rep 285 Jubb contracted to purchase the plaintiffs company business. On the date of contracting, he was technically insane and shortly thereafter was placed in a lunatic asylum. The receiver of his estate, who was appointed under a lunacy statute, repudiated the contract. The plaintiff company sued for damages, alleging the repudiation was wrongful. The court held that a contract entered by someone of unsound mind is valid unless the impaired person can show that the other party was aware, at the time of contracting, that the impaired person was so insane that he was incapable of understanding what he was doing. In this case, there was no evidence to show that the plaintiff company knew or suspected that Jubb had been insane at the point of contracting. The contract was valid and Jubbs estate had to pay damages for not performing the contract. UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DRUGS OR ALCOHOL If a person signs a contract while drunk or under the influence of drugs, can that contract be enforced? Courts are usually not very sympathetic to people who claim they were intoxicated when they signed a contract. Generally a court will only allow the contract to be avoided if the other party to the contract knew about the intoxication and took advantage of the intoxicated person, or if the person was somehow involuntarily intoxicated (e.g. someone spiked the punch). The law will intervene in some circumstances where someone who is intoxicated enters into an agreement. Intoxication alone is not sufficient, but it can be a defence to enforcement by the sober party, and the intoxicated party may void the contract on the basis of his or her own intoxication in the following circumstances, that is firstly, the intoxicated party, because of the intoxication, did not know what he or she was doing. Secondly, the sober party was aware of the intoxicated state of the other party. Thirdly, u pon becoming sober, the intoxicated party moved promptly to repudiate the contract. The basis for this approach is not that one party is drunk but that the other party might defraud the drunkard. Thus, even where the sober party is not aware of the intoxicated state of the other party, if there is evidence of intoxication so that it may be presumed, the unfairness or one-sidedness of a contract might result in its being voided. This view moves the law toward a position that an unconscionable agreement permits the court to presume that the sober party had knowledge of the intoxication of the other party once there is evidence of intoxication. Based on the case study, when John bargained for the 6 seater dining set, he was not under the influence of alcohol or drugs. He was well aware of the bargain and he realised that he has entered into an agreement with Comfortable Furniture Sdn Bhd. Case example: Matthews v. Baxter (1873) LR 8 Exch 132 Baxter, while drunk, agreed at an auction to purchase a property. Once sobriety returned he decided that he wished to affirm the contract that had been made by him while drunk. Sometime later he had a change of mind and he sought to rescind the contract, arguing that he lacked capacity to enter the contract by reason of intoxication. The court held that because Baxter had confirmed the contract it was no longer open to him to avoid the contract on the grounds of intoxication. This was despite the fact that he had made out the necessary element of this defence. BANKRUPTCY Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay its creditors. These individuals would not be able to pay their debts and lose their status as creditworthy. Most states differ on the means whereby their outstanding liabilities can be treated as discharged and on the precise extent of the limits that are placed on their capacities during this time. However, they are returned to full capacity after discharge. In the United States, some states have spendthrift laws where an irresponsible spender is claimed to lack the capacity to enter into contracts. Based on the case study, Comfortable Furniture Sdn Bhd has the business capacity to operate its business. This is because the company is not facing bankruptcy. Therefore, the company has the capacity to enter into a contract or agreement with John. SIGNIFICANCE WHY CONTRACTING PARTIES REQUIRE LEGAL CAPACITY TO ENTER INTO LEGALLY BINDING CONTRACT Not everyone is legally entitled to enter into contracts. Some persons, by their status, are presumed not to have the ability to enter into contracts or have limited rights to contract. Prevention of fraud provides for formality requirements and the protection of persons who lack full capacity to enter into contracts. If there is no capacity, the incapacity party would become vulnerable and weak. If one party lacks the intellectual capacity to protect himself or herself, then the other party may act dishonestly during the bargaining process or takes advantage of a position of trust, or if the other party has expert knowledge of the subject matter of the contract that the weaker party cannot have and takes unfair advantage of that knowledge. Besides that, without capacity, the contract would be void. A contract is void when it involves minors. This type of contract will have no effect as it is not recognised by the court and parliament. Therefore, if there is no capacity, the contract would not be enforceable. The purpose here is to protect the weaker party from the stronger and more able party. This class of persons who lack or have limited capacity to contract include minor and persons under mental disability. The general rule is that minors may not enter into contracts. The reason for this rule is that minors are presumed to be naive, inexperienced, and easily taken advantage of. So, some protection is required to avoid them from being cheated. The law also interferes in circumstances where someone who is intoxicated enters into an agreement. The basis for this approach is not that one party is drunk but that the other party might defraud the drunkard. The contract may not be legal if there is no capacity. If there is no capacity, people with mental disability, minors, and also those who are under the influence of alcohol or drugs would be allowed to enter into contracts. The people who have mental disability and under the influence of drugs or alcohol do not have the mental capacity to enter into contracts. They are unable to think well and they are not able to make a wise decision. So, if there is no capacity, the contract will lose its validity. Case example: Mercantile Union Guarantee Corporation v Ball (1937) An infant haulage contractor who took a lorry on hire-purchase was held not liable for arrears of installments. Case example: Cowern v Nield (1912) It was held that a minor who was a hay and straw merchant was not liable to repay the price of the goods which he failed to deliver. Case example: Doyle v White City Stadium (1935) An infant boxer was held bound by a clause in his contract which provided for forfeiture of his prize money (as happened) he was disqualified. The contract as a whole was similar to apprenticeship. Case example: Valentini v Canali (1889) A minor leased a house and agreed to buy some furniture, paying part of the price. After several months the minor left, and avoided the contract as he was entitled to do. He could not recover the payments which he made for the furniture, however, because he had received some benefit from the contract. Case example: Leslie Ltd v Sheill A minor who lied about his age to obtain a loan could only be forced to return the cash he borrowed.Sheill failed to repay two cash loans he had obtained by falsely claiming to be an adult. The contract was not enforceable (not for necessaries) so the lender asked for restitution of the money on other grounds, including that Sheill had committed the tort of deceit (fraudulent misrepresentation). The English Court of the Kings Bench held that Sheill could not be sued for deceit because that would make a minor indirectly liable for an unenforceable contract. The court could only order restitution if the lender could prove Sheill still possessed the actual notes and coins he had borrowed. Case example: Roberts v Gray (1919) Roberts agreed to take Gray, a minor, on a billiard tour to instruct him in the profession of billiard player. Gray repudiated the contract. The court held that Roberts could recover damages despite the fact that the contract was executory. Case example: Scarborough v Sturzaker A bicycle was a necessary because the minor had only one and used it to travel to work. Sturzaker, a minor, cycled 19 kilometres to work each day. He traded in his old bicycle to Scarborough and made a part payment on a new one. Sturzaker repudiated the contract and refused topay the outstanding amount. The Tasmanian Court held that the bike was a necessary. Therefore, the contract was enforceable and Sturzaker had to pay the money owing. Case example: Hart v OConnor The Privy Council said in Hart v. OConnor(1985) that an insane person who appears sane can rely on the independent and separate ground of unconscionability which relieves abnormal mental weaknesses even short of incapacity. Undue influence may also apply. Case example: Peters v Fleming (1840) Held an expensive gold watch chain was a necessary for a rich young man. Point of law being that it depends on the status of the minor as to whether a luxurious item is deemed a necessary. Case example: Chaplin v Leslie Frewin (1966) Contract was made to write the autobiography of Charlie Chaplin held as binding as it allowed a minor to start to earn a living as an author.However if on the whole a contract is unreasonable, oppressive and not beneficial then it will not be binding. Case example: De Francesco v Barnum (1890) A girl of fourteen was apprenticed to D for seven years in order to learn to dance. D was not obliged to maintain her, nor did he have to pay her unless he found engagements for her. Even when engagements were found, the rate of pay was very low. She could not obtain engagements for herself, nor was she allowed to marry, during the seven years. It was held that the contract was not binding upon the girl, as it was unreasonable, oppressive and not beneficial to her. Point of law is as above. Case example: Gore v Gibson Advanced the view that a contract for necessaries supplied to a drunk could not be maintained if upon sobriety the contract was repudiated. Case example: Hawkins v Bone The action for breach of contract was brought by the vendor of land which was knocked down to the defendant at an action. The defendant purchaser pleaded in defence of his drunkenness but did not allege that the vendor or auctioneer knew of this condition. Pollock C.B., in directing the jury said the plaintiff was entitled to the verdict: unless the defendant was in the state he describes himself to have been, that is wholly incapable of any reflective or deliberate act, so that, in fact, he was utterly unconscious of the nature of the acts he did, for example, having signed the contract and paid his money. Case example: McLaughlin v Daily Telegraph Ltd Holds that a power of attorney executed by a person while insane is void even in respect of actions that take place when the grantor has recovered his sanity; the actions that take place under the guise of the power of attorney are of no effect. Likewise, it is of no consequence that third parties act on the foot of the deed. If, however, the power of attorney enables the lunatic and his dependants to benefit from obtaining a supply of necessaries, an account may be ordered in relation thereto even though the power of attorney itself is void. For the deed to be void, however, it must be shown that the signature is a mere mechanical act and the mind of the signor must not accompany the act. Case example: Cf. Imperial Loan Co. v. Stone [1892] the rule had in modern times been relaxed, and unsoundness of mind would now be a good defence to an action upon a contract, if it could be shown that the defendant was not of the capacity to contract and the plaintiff knew it. Case example: Seaver v. Phelps which was trover for a promissory note, pledged by the plaintiff while insane, to the defendant, the Court were, on behalf of the latter, requested to charge, that although the plaintiff might have been insane at the time of making the contract, yet that if the defendant were not apprised of that fact, or had no reason, from the conduct of the plaintiff or from any other source 380 was held entitled to a decree of foreclosure. It seems equally clear that he is not liable when the other to suspect it, and did not overreach or impose upon him, or practice any fraud or unfairness, the contract could not be annulled. Case example: Beals v. See. it was held that the administrator of a lunatic could not, in the absence of fraud or knowledge of his state of mind, or such conduct on the part of the lunatic from which his disease might fairly be inferred or suspected, recover back the price of merchandise sold to him, even though it was unsuited to the object for which it was purchased, and above market price.

bob dylan Essay -- essays research papers

Imagine: Everyday thousands of people get killed in a war no-one asked for. Friends and family are send to a horrible place with little chance you’ll ever see them again. This war, a useless and disgusting war started without any reasons and only goes on because the leaders of your country are too proud to make it end. For millions of American citizens this nightmare became truth. In 1964 the American president Johnson started sending soldiers to Vietnam. At the end of the war in 1972, it is estimated that, in total, over 2,5 million people on both sides were killed. As the war continued, the American people got more and more unsatisfied and angry at their government. They wanted the war to stop, it had been going on long enough and too many people had been killed, president Johnson, ho...

We only belong because we think we do

What if the world was a big disappointment? What if the way the world we espied wasn't that predictable? The hopes and dreams created to fulfill the emptiness has shifted and molded the perceptions of mankind to think that there is an innate ability to exist with the alliance of others, such as, with people of the same gender,age,interests and most importantly culture. Anthropologists and psychologists propose that Homo Sapiens are not born a self, rather the self is weakened by the surroundings the person is exposed to, known as the ‘significant other'.The significant other refers to ‘nuclear family, in other words the family you were born into that consists of- in most cases – a mother, a father and sibling(s). Thus, external sources have an impact as well, for instance, the ‘modern self. The modern self incorporates ideas such as language, thoughts and status that will cause the ‘self to be ranked. Further elaborating the so called ‘modern self groups those around them into a hierarchy of the cultivated all the way through to the not so cultivates – savage.Whether evolution occurred or not of apes transforming into humans, and whether e agree with it or not, many significant comparisons can't be obtained from that theory. A significant concept of the human race regarding skin color can be directed to Edward Thorniness theory of trial and error'. What does this theory suggest? Repeated errors continue until success if reached. Error, mutation in the human body repeatedly occurred during the past couple of billion years until ‘success' was finally reached; the current human body.Yes very debatable, but we can simply take this teary and implement it into our lives. Failure, what does it mean? Most of the time titer depressing, right? However, if failure is viewed from the same angle it was viewed during the study of evolution, it can be life changing. Failure led to success. Which means, technically there is not hing wrong with failing, if you invested a sufficient amount of effort. Sander's failure to be classified as White' rather than ‘colored' was a similar effect of trial and error theory. The back and forth classification of Sander's ‘label' is a motive of failure.People such as Sandra that Todd up against the law leaded the failure to success' in the time now. Through the hardships and discrimination that they faced helped those people in knows society to be respected and to be seen that they are Just the same as White' people despite the being a different color. The two unlike ideas of the White' and ‘colored' society uniting failed, however, Sandra found it less complicated and easier to conform to the black society than the white race, regardless of the disadvantages she had to face throughout time.Sander's trial was the contrast between the white and black society. The error was being born with the genes she inherited from both white parents that carried black a ncestry, which resulted in Sandra paying a price for it; rather then her parents. For many thousands of years the notion of belonging to somewhere or something was and still is a significant issue. The apartheid era in South Africa began in 1652, with the settlement of Jan Van Rebecca.The natives were criticized for their language, which was mockingly referred as ‘Hottentots', also they were describes to be the lowest of the low[that they adapted] a missing link between humans and pees'. This prejudging of natives exhibited, that the black natives of the country was a class whose weakness was inborn. When the foreigners arrived and observed the native black people they made a Judgment on their behavior that throughout their daily lives of working they were slow people that lacked energy therefore the foreigners concluded that their weakness was inborn.Accepting the native blacks for the Dutch foreigners was a hard limit, because they viewed that blacks low and themselves super ior. Becoming a part of a community that suffered with black and white skin color controversy meant a threat was adhered upon the individuals security, safety and shelter also incorporating that these factors are mentioned in Measles Hierarchy of Needs as the most important obligations for ones survival.As the artificial barriers were removed between socioeconomic classes, society was encouraged to build biological barriers, which allowed status to be ruled by DNA. The most obvious roles of skin is the social label it has on the individual. Skin pigment is inherited from our genetic makeup, but those with the wrong genes are placed in an environment where it is nearly impossible to escape from; known as the apartheid era.In most cases it is seen that ‘people with dark skins are, in most places, less successful, less healthy and – perhaps – less contented than those with light. Simply this statement was extracted from â€Å"In the Blood – God, Genes, Desti ny' by Steven Jones who stated the general public that thought this way. Thus, stating the obvious the black people are the ones who brought freedom' into today's society. Significant figures such as Muhammad All, Michael Jordan, Malcolm X, Nelson Mandela andSusan Bolt have made the apartheid issue a national problem and brought it to the realization of other people to declare freedom. Belong to a group is a vital need to every individual. However, belonging doesn't come with ease, it takes trial and error to succeed and keeping an open mind to changes. Throughout history it is evident to conclude that keeping an open mind and acceptance towards others around us will bring success and comfort. Thus, if we don't learn from the past there will still be controversy and superiority amount groups due to unethical matters.

Finals Week Care Package

Finals Week Care Package Theres no doubt that cookie-filled care packages raise the spirits of homesick college students, but when exam time rolls around, stressed-out kids need healthier fare. As the parent of a young adult, you know they may be skipping meals or eating more than their share of pizza and guzzling caffeine when what they need is protein, complex carbohydrates and plenty of fruits and vegetables. Instead of shipping cookies, which send blood sugar soaring and then crashing back to earth, try filling that care package with a few of these instead. Healthy Care Packages Fresh organic fruit, such as apples and tangerines, from your garden, favorite market or a fruit delivery service like the Fruit Guys- theyre a San Francisco-based organic fruit delivery company, known for their workplace fruit deliveries. The DormSnack package includes 16 servings of organic fruit, delivered to any dorm ($49 and up).Spicy chipotle-glazed pecans or other energizing nut snacks.Beef jerky or hard salami.Tasty and satisfying whole-grain crackers, or peanut butter-filled crackers.A small jar of natural crunchy peanut butter and a box of graham crackers.Dried fruit such as apricots, cherries, apples, and more. Also, organic fruit snacks are easy to carry around and eat in a pinch.Instant hot cocoa mix, instant hot soup, instant oatmeal- anything healthy that can be made in a microwave is a good idea.A can of bean dip and a bag of chips.Microwave popcorn or popcorn kernels and plain brown lunch bags, which is cheaper and healthier and without the nasty chemicals or oozing fat: Drop a 1/4 cup of popcorn kernels in a paper bag, fold over the top a couple of times and microwave it for a minute and a half to two minutes. A Starbucks gift card.Biscotti, which offer sweet crunch without a lot of sugar.A mini-loaf of homemade chocolate chip pumpkin bread.Sugar-free throat lozenges, Vitamin C lozenges or Emergen-C packets, along with ibuprofen for sore necks from hunching over a laptop for hours at a time.A DIY set of adorable exam worry dolls that will do the worrying instead.An assortment of teas to calm and relax at the end of a stressful day of studying- chamomile, peppermint, and honey ginger are just a few of the more relaxing teas.A lavender-scented body lotion for the girls is one of the most relaxing scents and is often used during massages. A lavender-scented pillow is a great way to help students who are stressed and have a hard time sleeping- a few deep breaths and theyll be off to dreamland in no time.

The list of cheap custom essays writing services

The list of cheap custom essays writing services College students are usually seen on the run trying to find help with their assignments. The professors too continue to give paper writing tasks daily. Its involving for students as there are a million lists of essay writing services today. But narrowing your search proves to be more fruitful in the end. Focusing on few custom paper writing services makes selection easy. Cheap custom essay writing services are available online. Such are services that are put in place to help students complete their assignments on time. However many fear the term cheap. It is usually associated with poor and low quality. Many view such a company as one whose services are extremely poor and that is why they charge less. But in the writing industry, comparing cheap with quality can be misleading. There are cheap custom papers whose quality is extremely high and others completely the opposite. When searching for a cheap custom essay writing service, quality is a priority. There is no way you will pay for something whose quality is poor. Students and customers have to see the value of their money. Once you arrive at a cheap custom writing service, request for few samples to check through. This will help you evaluate the quality of the paper before placing an order for cheap custom essays. Here is a list of companies to get cheap custom writings. TopEssayWriting.org This is one of the companies to get cheap custom essay papers. Its prices range from $12.99 to $39.99 per page. Depending on the kind of paper you order from this company, the quality does not change. Besides, customers get to pay even less with the discount programs that are launched seasonally. SmartCustomWriting.com When in search of a cheap custom writing service, consider settling on SmartCustomWriting.com. High school students can place their orders from as low as $12.99 up to $36.99.It handles all essays from high school up to the university at an extremely affordable charge. Quality should not be a factor when ordering with this service. PoweredEssays.com Get your paper in its original shape by placing an order with poweredessays.com. Writers from this service do not compromise the quality of the paper ordered. Their prices vary from $12.99 up to $39.99.They handle writing problems from high school up to the highest academic level. Good cheap custom writings are not easy to find. But with a few help from genuine writing services, customers learn to differentiate the best from the worst. All upcoming services offer similar services and create good websites. It only takes a few tricks to know a cheap custom writing service that really delivers. Asking fellow friends who have used cheap custom writing services can be a great idea. Tired of searching cheap custom papers? Stop wasting your time and find them at our review website! Surf through the provided cheap custom writing services and look at their reviews and testimonials page.

Write a research-based, argumentative paper on a topic of your Research

Write a -based, argumentative on a topic of your choosing - Research Paper Example Anti-abortionists insisting that the fetus has a right to life just as the mother has a right to live. The opposing side, those who support abortion, argue that since a fetus relies mostly on its mother for sustenance and development over the months prior to its birth, then the life of the fetus does not exist yet and as such, cannot be considered to be a separate life from its mother. Therefore, abortion is a decision that a woman can and must undertake for her own personal or medical reasons. To have laws that ban her right to free herself of the fetus via abortive means violates her rights as a woman and her right to choose. This essay will look into the reasons as to why banning abortion is a violation of womens rights and why those who oppose abortion directly violate the Reproductive Rights of Women. According to Frederica Matthews - Greene, abortion must be opposed because it violates the right of a woman to protect her body. She claims that â€Å"That right must begin when her body begins, and it must be hers no matter where she lives — even if she lives in her mother’s womb. The same holds true for her brother.† 1 In this line of thinking, it would appear that the right of a woman to her body ends the moment that she conceives a child. Regardless of whether that conception is expected, wanted, or the product of an accident or a crime. In the minds of anti-abortionists, a woman no longer has a right to her body because of the second resident in the womb, who takes precedence over her own safety and concerns. This is an argument that is flawed in every manner. If the life of the fetus does not begin until the umbilical cord is cut and the first cry comes with its first life giving breath, there is no life to actually consider within the womb as the life of what is within relies solely on the existence of the mother and her ability to sustain a secondary life within. Let us remember that the right of

Decision Making Tools Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decision Making Tools - Assignment Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that quote (year) mentioned that the advantage with working with decision-making tools is that they ensure that the approach to decision making is always systematic. It also ensures that the one taking the decision can at least be guaranteed of a certain degree of an outcome, especially when a particular tool proves to be effective for a particular kind of decision (quote). So far in this course, there have been the utilization and use of a number of decision-making tools, all of which have been applied in different scenarios to solve identified problems. In this paper, a toolbox of techniques and analysis tools is constructed. Quote (year) referred to techniques and analysis tools simply as decision tools as they help in easing the whole decision-making process. The toolbox is, therefore, a simple collection of organized tools in a way that makes it possible to use each tool in solving a peculiar problem. When making the decision, there are several tools that can be used to satisfy different goals. One important thing about each of these tools is that they tend to solve one kind of problem or situation better than others (quote). Knowing this, the decision matrix is created by considering a number of factors or scenarios that can arise in any typical decision-making process. Based on differences in the factors, there is a weighting given to each of them. Then after, each decision-making tool is scored against one of the factors. When using the decision matrix for regular personal decisions, quote (year) advised on the need to have an un-weighted matrix before a weighted one. This makes it easier to bring out the key scoring that is done for each tool and how it fits each factor. Table one below is an example of four major decision-making tools may be scored against five major factors when taking the decision.

Examine it from 1978 (the year China adopted a capitalist economic Essay

Examine it from 1978 (the year China adopted a capitalist economic system) to present. Analyzing the country from the 1990s to t - Essay Example Introduction Before 1976, China’s economic ideology was purely communism. The death of Mao Zedong in 1976 precipitated leadership decisions, which were significant. No one would foretell that the end of Maoist Socialism in China would result into what modern scholars refer to as China’s great transformation (Wang & Coase 1). China became capitalist and mostly productive (Shaw 1). It became one of the most democratic income distributors to the rest of the world. Despite the rise of the Chinese economy, existing statistics reveal that most Chinese are still poor; in fact, most Chinese still face challenges in exercising their freedom and protecting their rights. Tony 1 postulates that one of the most overlooked astounding narratives about China is that, since the economic resurgence of china in 1978, the country has become an unequal society to the extent that it rates high in the Asian continent. Since 1978, the Cina's Gini coefficient of general family income distributi on surpasses both Indonesia and India, and it is now approaching Malaysia and the Philippines, which are unequal in Asia. This paper seeks to document a hallmark feature of china’s capitalism, with close review as to how the economy has reformed. i. Politics and Policy Deng’s skeptical slogan of ‘Letting some Chinese get rich first’ marked the outset of inequality in China. This became a source of concern for his predecessors, who prompted political moves to distance themselves from their predecessor. Between 1995 and 2002, a development strategy, popularly known as ‘Great western Strategy’, which gave greater emphasis on investing in poor provinces, was adopted (Jane 1). The program also included alleviation of rural poverty through support to farm production, rural educational and training, and emigration into ecologically sustainable areas. The implementation of these policy initiatives has yet faced numerous challenges. For example, tax re bates for local governments tend to be biased towards urban areas, this leaves rural areas depressed out in the cold thus, not doing anything on the urban-rural gap. The complexity behind Chinese politics is worth noting. A debate as to whether the Chinese Government should worry about political destabilization to compact inequality is intriguing. The political elites, the protagonist’s side of Jiang, argue that it is not a pressing problem while Hu and Wen argue it is. With Hu and Wen ruminating openly that inequality is a threat to political stability, their opponents take comfort because they understand that the relationship between poverty and inequality, and protests against social movements are often attenuated (Tony 12). ii. Inequality and Poverty According to Shujie, Yao and associates, China’s largest component of inequality is best illustrated by the rural-urban gap. In 2002, for example, the average urban: rural per capita was expressed in the ratio 3: 1 (Bl echer & College 3), which economic analysts described as staggering, and almost unheard in developing nations. However, China’s extremely egalitarian distribution of land has reduced rural inequality, coupled with its policy on land reform and collectivization, the approach that those molded the collective land distribution to households in the 1980s, and the ongoing restrictions on the growth of a farmland market. Today, rural inequality in Chin

Fruit Ripening Essay Example for Free

Fruit Ripening Essay Placing fruit in a bag will help hasten the ripening for only a few fruits. Most fruits will not ripen (ever) once they have been picked. The only fruits that ripen once theyre picked are bananas, avocados, pears, mango, and kiwifruit. Ripeness in fruits is based on sugar content, not color, thus most tomatoes in grocery stores have no flavor because they were picked green and exposed to ethylene gas to induce color change. Tomatoes are what are known as a climacteric fruit which means theyll change appearance based on climactic conditions but they dont ripen. Yes, they continue to soften but thats simply the process of cell deterioration know as decomposition. Some fruits such as peaches, plums, etc. will seem to develop more sweetness as they sit on the counter but thats because theyre also losing moisture and the residual sugars are concentrating in the cell walls. Placing fruit in a paper bag helps to concentrate the levels of ethylene gas which is what helps induce the ripening of the above mentioned fruits (bananas/avocados, etc.). In fact, avocados and pears must be picked in order to ripen. Pears that are left on the tree will simply rot. As mentioned previously brown paper bags used to be something everyone had around their house so it was a commmon item before the switch to plastic bags. Have you ever noticed some people like red bell peppers and not green ones? The reason is due toripeness. Plant tissues communicate by means of hormones. Hormones are chemicals that are produced in one location that have an effect on cells in a different location. Most plant hormones are transported through the plant vascular system, but some, like ethylene, are released into the gaseous phase, or air. Ethylene is produced and released by rapidly-growing plant tissues. It is released by the growing tips of roots, flowers, damaged tissue, and ripening fruit. The hormone has multiple effects on plants. One is fruit ripening. When fruit ripens, the starch in the fleshy part of the fruit is converted to sugar. The sweeter fruit is more attractive to animals, so they will eat it and disperse the seeds. Ethylene initiates the reaction in which the starch is converted into sugar. Iodine solution binds to starch, but not to sugar, forming a dark-colored complex. You can estimate how ripe a fruit is by whether or not is is darkened after painting it with an iodine solution. Unripe fruit is starch y, so it will be dark.

A Glorious Plan :: essays research papers fc

M@ Hix A Glorious Plan When Germany was under a monetary crisis after having to pay reparations for World War I, people had turned to Adolf Hitler. He made promises of restoring Germany to its original form and many people were willing to support him. However, the failure of the Munich Putsch in 1923 had failed and had led to his imprisonment. Here, Hitler wrote a book, Mein Kampf, where he introduced his ideology of Germany, his aims and ambitions. (Giblin, 156) In January 1933, when Hitler was appointed chancellor and soon became sole dictator of Germany. He then put his aims to action. Hitler had three main aims in preparing Germany for war. His first goal was to tear up the Treaty of Versailles, which brought an end to WWI. This treaty blamed Germany for starting the war; it took away large amounts of land, money and materials from her, and cut her armed forces down to a minimum. (Hitler, 135) Hitler’s second aim was to unite all Germans into one single country. As there was millions of Germans scattered in neighboring countries such as Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland, these countries would have to be brought under his control. (Ibid, 302) His third aim was to provide Germany with what he called â€Å"lebenstraum† or living space. He said that Germany was overcrowded and did not have enough food or raw materials for her needs. All three of these aims could only be achieved if Germany rearmed, massively increasing her armed forces. (Ibid, 370) Hitler fulfilled these aims by rearming Germany. In 1934, only a year after Hitler had come to power, he gave out a top-secret order for the armed forces to expand. The number was to increase from 100,000 to 300,000 men. The navy was to build two pocket battleships and six submarines. (Bailey, 78) Goering was to create an air force and secretly train pilots in civilian flying clubs. These were all forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles. (Kershaw, 147) In 1935, all was revealed when Hitler re-introduced conscription and that the army would be built up to 550,000 men. Three countries, Britain, France and Italy, signed an agreement condemning Hitler’s announcement. But no country took military action to stop this breach of the Treaty of Versailles. In 1936, Hitler ordered his army to march into the Rhineland. The Versailles treaty forbade the German army from going within 50 km of the River Rhine, so Hitler’s order was a deliberate challenge to this treaty.

Film Pre-Production Essay Essay

When planning a film production a lot of things need consideration, for example money is an important element that will be needed to fund the production of the film, with the crew/cast needing payment for their work. Props need buying and depending on the dialogue of the movie they may be quite expensive along with the equipment needed to record and edit the movie and the setting of where you are going to film whether it be public or private property. And also such things as accommodation, food and travel costs will need to be paid for, so dividing up the money for a production of a film plays a large role in pre-production along with where the source of the money is coming from, and if the source of the money allocates a budget you will need to get all of these resources within the range of the budget. Before production of the film you need to consider the genre, and what audience the genre of the film will apply to, for example horror movies are generally watched by a younger audience so you may want the storyline to be relatable to them with the cast being younger adults and them living lives younger people might live themselves (studying, party’s etc.). Also the setting should be considered to apply to the genre for example if the genre is sci-fi you may want the setting at some point to be on a space ship, or be futuristic. The time allocated plays a big role in preproduction, with things like editing after all the filming has taken place needing consideration, so the filming can’t take place right up to the deadline. Also things like time to shoot scenes needs to be planned, along with the availability of the cast throughout the project. Legal requirements are also a part of pre-production with music having to be used that isn’t copyrighted along with all health and safety laws remaining intact, or whoever is put in danger could sue the production company a large sum of money postponing or stopping the production of the film. Location permissions are also needed to be granted or again the owner of the location may sue if film there is released, and any other rules set by regulatory bodies within the production of a film should also be followed. Material also plays an important role in the planning of a film, with research on the film being needed making sure the story hasn’t been done before and if it has, how you can make your production stand out more individually. Also there will be certain generics of the genre you will want your film to follow so it can be distinguished as that genre which is being aimed at. Music that’s not copyright will need to be found or produced, most likely produced if you want the film to have its own theme song like with many big blockbusters.

Gadget Toys Case Write-Up Essay

Gadget Toy Company is faced with a choice between two options to reduce project time for their new toy line. Gadget must cut down project time in order to meet their Christmas deadline that is 19 weeks away. Analysis shows that there are two critical paths for the current process, which is 20 weeks long and includes the following critical activities: obtain funding approval (A), finalize engineering (B), build dies/tools (D), raw material delivery (K), initial production run (L), ship product (M), train workers (F), and de-bug process (G). See figure below. Gadget’s first option is to reduce the amount of product advertising. Although this might reduce cost, advertising (J) is not a critical activity and won’t reduce the total project time. Beyond that, cutting six weeks of advertising – the maximum amount – will result in an estimated 30% decrease in sales. This is hardly worth the lower costs for a new product launch, and advertising is necessary if Gadg et wants the children’s toy line to be popular beyond the Christmas season. Gadget’s second option is to ask the production manager to work weekends for faster tool building (D). Although this would cost the company $5000, Gadget Toy Co. should accept the offer. Tool building is a critical activity and the bottleneck in the process flow. The next longest path in the process flow is 16 weeks, resulting in a slack time of four weeks. By accepting the offer from the tool builder the critical paths can be reduced to 18 weeks and the product can be launched within the 19-week deadline. Process Paths Before Decision: AHJM = 1 + 1 + 12 + 1 = 15 weeks AHIKLM = 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 10 weeks ABDKLM = 1 + 1 + 12 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 20 weeks (critical path) ABDFGLM = 1 + 1 + 12 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 = 20 weeks (critical path) ACEFGLM = 1 + 8 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 = 16 weeks Process Paths Before Decision: AHJM = 1 + 1 + 12 + 1 = 15 weeks AHIKLM = 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 10 weeks ABDKLM = 1 + 1 + 12 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 20 weeks (critical path) ABDFGLM = 1 + 1 + 12 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 = 20 weeks (critical path) ACEFGLM = 1 + 8 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 = 16 weeks Gadget Flow Chart Total Time to Delivery 18 WEEKS Total Time to Delivery 18 WEEKS Raw Material Delivery (K) 2 WEEKS Raw Material Delivery (K) 2 WEEKS Train Workers (F) 1 WEEK Train Workers (F) 1 WEEK De-Bug Process (G) 1 WEEK De-Bug Process (G) 1 WEEK Initial Production Run (L) 3 WEEKS Initial Production Run (L) 3 WEEKS Ship Product (M) 1 WEEK Ship Product (M) 1 WEEK Finalize Packaging and Artwork (I) 2 WEEKS Finalize Packaging and Artwork (I) 2 WEEKS Advertise (J) 12 WEEKS Advertise (J) 12 WEEKS Install Equipment (E) 1 WEEK Install Equipment (E) 1 WEEK Build Dies/Tools 10 WEEKS (D) BOTTLENECK Build Dies/Tools 10 WEEKS (D) BOTTLENECK Establish Advertising Plan 1 WEEK (H) Establish Advertising Plan 1 WEEK (H) Finalize Engineering (B) 1 WEEK Finalize Engineering (B) 1 WEEK Deliver New Equipment (C) 8 WEEKs Deliver New Equipment (C) 8 WEEKs Obtain Funding Approval (A) 1 WEEK Obtain Funding Approval (A) 1 WEEK After Decision

Field Work essays

Field Work essays Many people go to the bar to relax after a long day of work. They sometimes meet up with friends or coworkers and discuss their day. People in public are very interesting in their interaction with others because nonverbal communication can be observed in virtually any situation. Bars are especially interesting because there are different personality labels. For example, there are the regulars who are there everyday at the same time, the couples who come before dinner to have their cocktails, and the drunks. The drunks are there no matter what time of day and stay for hours. The more interesting part in the observation is how the bartender is able to deal with all these different personality types. A bartender must be able to communicate with all of these personality types in order to do his job well. A good bartender must demonstrate and often alter his communication styles on a daily basis. The hypothesis is when visiting a sports bar, a male bartender, in general, will interact with his customers more effective than a female bartender. This is because males tend to know more about sports history than females do and male bartenders seem to relate to bar stories better than female bartenders. In sports bars, there is always some type of sporting event on the television. If a male bartender can have a conversation about the event on the television, he can then build a relationship with that customer and in turn keep the customer at his bar longer. This observation was conducted at Putters Bar and Grill at Pheasant Run Golf Course strictly to observe the bartender. The first visit was around three oclock in the afternoon on Friday. There were only four people at the bar. They were older men in their late 50s or early 60s. They had just come in from a round of golf. They were all drinking whiskey on the rocks and adding up their scorecards. The bartender, who is male poured their drinks and ...

America and Terrorism essays

America and Terrorism essays As I look at the Desmond Egan poem entitled Hiroshima, I dont get past the name without knowing that this to is a questioning on the righteousness of an American Governmental decision. It starts Hiroshima your shadow burns into the granite of history. I look at that and think, yes Japan has paid for its actions in a way no-one could forget, this showing the power and seriousness of America. Egan goes on and talks about the devastation that has been caused. I carry in my mind a glass bullet lodged deep the memory of that epicenter where one hundred thousand souls fused at an instant. I read this and thought of my glass bullet lodged in my memory, and it is the same glass bullet that is lodged in many Americans head too. The sight of two 110 floor buildings on fire, 5000 people being fused together, in 14000 degree flames of jet fuel but this not at a time of war. When we droped the bomb in Hiroshima it was during a time of war with attempt to stop world domination and communist ways. The Islamic extremist is the new "communist" of this century. With the same sense of righteousness and absolute faith they kill anyone who stands in the way of their idea of progress. Like the communist, they view anything that helps their cause, including killing, to be virtuous. They believe that the world will repose in peace under the true faith, Islam, and that those that dont accept this "peace" live in the Da es Harb, or the perpetual world of war. Likewise, when the communists speak of peace they mean world socialism. Those who opposed this "peace" live in the world of struggle. Like the communists, radical Islam misreads this country, our spirit, and our love of liberty. While they may score a couple of victories, based on their own twisted definition of the term, they will also inevitably fail. The communists believe that America will crumble over time. They plot to bring this about ...

Spring Phenology and Climate Change

Spring Phenology and Climate Change As spring arrives we notice the changing of seasons by the weather, but also by a host of natural events. Depending on where you live, the crocuses may poke through the snow, the killdeer may be back, or the cherry trees may bloom. There is an orderly sequence of events that seem to occur, with various spring flowers appearing in order, red maple buds bursting into new leaves, or the old lilac by the barn scenting the air. This seasonal cycle of natural phenomena is called phenology. Global climate change appears to be interfering with the phenology of many species, at the very heart of species interactions. What Is Phenology? In temperate regions like the northern half of the United States, there is comparatively little biological activity in winter. Most plants are dormant, and so are the insects feeding on them. In turn, animals that rely on these insects  such as bats and birds are hibernating or spending the cold months in more southerly locations. Ectotherms like reptiles and amphibians, which take their body warmth from their environment, also have active phases tied to the seasons. This long winter period constrains all the growing, breeding, and dispersing activities that plants and animals do to a short favorable window. That’s what makes spring so vibrant, with plants flowering and putting on new growth, insects emerging and breeding, and birds flying back to take advantage of this short-lived bounty. The onsets of each of these activities add up to so many phenological markers. What Triggers Phenological Events? Different organisms respond to different cues to initiate seasonal activities. Many plants will start growing leaves again after a set period of dormancy, which very roughly dictates the leaf-out window. Cue that more precisely determine when the buds break can be soil temperature, air temperature, or water availability. Similarly, temperature cues can promote the beginning of insect activity. Day length itself can be the operative trigger for some seasonal events. It is only when there are a sufficient number of daylight hours that reproductive hormones will be produced in many bird species. Why Are Scientists Concerned with Phenology? The most energy-demanding period in the life of most animals is when they reproduce. For that reason, it is to their advantage to coincide breeding (and for many, the raising of young) during a period when food is most abundant. Caterpillars should hatch just as the young tender leaves of oak tree emerge, before they harden and become less nutritious. Breeding songbirds need to time the hatching of their young just during that peak in caterpillar activity, so they can take advantage of this rich source of protein to feed their offspring. Many species have evolved to exploit peaks in resource availability, so all these seemingly independent phenological events are indeed part of a complex web of precise interactions. Disruptions in seasonal events can have profound effects on ecosystems. How Is Climate Change Affecting Phenology? The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, in a 2007 report, estimated that spring arrived earlier by 2.3 to 5.2 days per decade in the previous 30 years. Among hundreds of observed changes, the leafing out of ginkgo trees in Japan, the flowering of lilacs, and the arrival of warblers have all shifted earlier in the year. The problem is that not all these shifts happen at the same rate, if at all. For example: Winter moths have been timed to hatch just when the young oak leaves burst from their buds. With climate change, both have been happening earlier in the year, but significantly more so for the winter moth hatch. The young emerging caterpillars then starve and die.Some North American migratory songbirds have advanced their arrival data. However, at least one of the main tree species they forage on has shifted its leafing out even earlier. Birds might then be missing the peak in availability of insects that are found on these trees and provide the energy and protein needed by the birds at the beginning of their nesting season. These types of misalignment of important events in nature are called phenological mismatches. There is much research underway currently to recognize where these mismatches might be occurring.